Hear, O heavens
The chapter, down to verse 23, states the case of Jehovah against Judah. Chastening, according to Deuteronomy 28, 29, had been visited upon Israel in the land (vs. 5-8 (Isaiah 1:5-8), and now the time of expulsion from the land is near. But just here Jehovah renews the promise of the Palestinian Covenant of future restoration and exaltation (Isaiah 1:26); (Isaiah 1:27); (Isaiah 2:1-4).