Living waters. — The symbol of Divine knowledge and spiritual vitality (Joel 3:18; Ezekiel 47).
Former. — Or front, i.e., eastern (marg.) — meaning the Dead Sea.
Hinder. — i.e., western, meaning the Mediterranean. These boundaries denote the whole of the Holy Land.
In summer and in winter. — The stream shall be perennial, not drying up in summer, as the Eastern wadis do.