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Hosea 13:1 open_in_new
spake trembling. spake (authoritatively) [there was] attention; as in Joshua's clays (Joshua 4:14). Compare Job 29:21-25.
trembling. panic. Hebrew. r etheth. Occurs only here. Similar to retet, which occurs only in Jeremiah 49:24 ("fear").
exalted himself: carried weight, or was exalted.
offended. trespassed. Hebrew. 'asham. App-44.
in Baal. with Baal: i.e. with the idolatrous worship of Baal, in Ahab's days.
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Hosea 13:2 open_in_new
understanding. notion.
of them. to them: i.e. to the People.
kiss the calves. Kissing was fundamental in all heathen idolatry. It is the root of the Latin ad-orare. to [bring something to] the mouth. "A pure lip" (Zephaniah 3:9) implies more than language.
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Hosea 13:3 open_in_new
dew. Hebrew. t al. the night mist. See note on "Zion", Psalms 133:3.
the. a.
floor. threshingfloor.
chimney. window, or opening. No word for chimney in Hebrew
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Hosea 13:4 open_in_new
Yet I, &c. Supply the connecting thought: "[Ye worship these calves], yet I, even I". &c. Compare Hosea 12:9; Isaiah 43:11.
the LORD. Hebrew. Jehovah. App-4.
God. Hebrew. Elohim. App-4.
from the land of Egypt. Supply the Ellipsis (App-6); "[Who brought thee out] from", &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Exodus 20:2; Exodus 20:3).
shalt know no: i.e. didst not, or oughtest not to know.
there is no saviour, &c. Compare Isaiah 43:11; Isaiah 45:21. Supply: "no saviour [was there] beside Me". Compare Acts 4:12.
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Hosea 13:5 open_in_new
I did know thee, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 2:7; Deuteronomy 8:15; Deuteronomy 32:10). Compare Amos 3:2. The Septuagint reads "I shepherded, or was shepherd to thee", reading re ithika instead of yeda tika: i.e. (Resh. R) for (Daleth. D).
the land of great drought. Compare Deuteronomy 8:15.
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Hosea 13:6 open_in_new
According to their pasture, &c.: i.e. the more. fed them, the more they kicked against Me.
they were filled. Note the Figure of speech Anadiplosis (App-6), repeated for emphasis.
have they forgotten Me. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 8:12-14; Deuteronomy 32:15).
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Hosea 13:7 open_in_new
as. lion. App-92. Compare Hosea 5:14.
as. leopard. Compare Jeremiah 5:6
by the way. Some codices, with three early printed editions, Septuagint, Syriac, and Vulgate, read "on the way of Assyria".
will. observe. shall. watch, or lurk.
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Hosea 13:8 open_in_new
caul. enclosure (i.e. the pericardium).
the wild beast shall tear them. Reference to Pentateuch (Leviticus 26:22).
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Hosea 13:9 open_in_new
thou hast destroyed thyself. the destruction [which thou art suffering] is all thine own. Ref to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 32:5. Hebrew. shahath, same word as "corrupted"). App-92.
but in Me, &c.. for. am thy [true] help.
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Hosea 13:10 open_in_new
I will be thy king. Where is thy king? Hebrew. 'ehi. where, as in Hosea 13:14 twice; 'ehi is separated from the following word "king" by the accent zakeph, and connected with 'epho'. now. It therefore means "Where now is thy king? (Hoshea)": the answer being "in prison" (see 2 Kings 17:4).
where is any other that may save thee... ?. to save thee, or that he may save thee.
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Hosea 13:11 open_in_new
I gave thee, &c. Reference to 1 Samuel 8:7. 1Sa 10:19. 1 Samuel 15:22; 1 Samuel 15:23; 1 Samuel 16:1. Compare Hosea 10:3. Or, literally "I give... and take him away", referring to. continued act, the violent deaths of Israel's then recent kings: Zachariah murdered by Shallum; Shallum by Menahem; Pekahiah by Pekah; and Pekah by Hoshea, who was now. prisoner in Assyria.
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Hosea 13:12 open_in_new
iniquity. perversity. Hebrew. avah. App-44.
bound up. tied up, as in. bag. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 32:32; Deuteronomy 32:35). App-92.
hid. reserved.
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Hosea 13:13 open_in_new
shall come, &c. Isaiah 13:8; Jeremiah 30:6; Matthew 24:8.
an unwise son. Note the Figure of speech Meiosis (App-6), for emphasis, meaning. most foolish son.
stay long. linger.
in the place, &c.: i.e. in the act of being born. Compare 2 Kings 19:3.
children. sons.
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Hosea 13:14 open_in_new
ransom. redeem (with power). Hebrew. padah, to redeem by power in virtue of the legal right. See note on Exodus 13:13.
from. out of.
the power. the hand: i.e. Sheol's power (to keep in its grasp).
the grave. Sheol. See App-35.
redeem. Hebrew. ga'al, to redeem by purchase by assertion of the kinship right. Hence the other meaning of avenging. See note on Exodus 6:6.
O death. Figure of speech Apostrophe, for emphasis. Quoted in 1 Corinthians 15:54; 1 Corinthians 15:55.
I will be. where [are], &c. See note on Hosea 13:10.
thy plagues. Hebrew. deber. pestilence. Interpreted in 1 Corinthians 15:55 as "sting". First occurance. Exodus 5:3.
repentance. compassion [on them], eyes. Figure of speech Anthropopatheia. App-6.
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Hosea 13:15 open_in_new
he. i.e. Ephraim.
fruitful. Used by Figure of speech Irony, his name being Ephraim. fruitful. Reference to Pentateuch (Genesis 41:52; Genesis 48:19).
an east wind. Hebrew. kadim. not. scorching wind. shirocco (Genesis 41:6; Jeremiah 18:17; Ezekiel 17:10; Ezekiel 19:12).
wind. Hebrew. ruach. App-9.
his spring, &c. Reference to Pentateuch (Deuteronomy 33:28).
he shall spoil. he shall plunder. Fulfilled in Shalmaneser shortly after, and since that day this prophecy stands fulfilled. The book ends with hope, in the final section below.
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Hosea 13:16 open_in_new
Samaria. See 2 Kings 17:6.
their. Some codices, with one early printed edition, Aramaean, Septuagint, and Syriac, read "and their".