the preparation: i.e. the day before the Passover was eaten "at even" on the 14th Nisan. All four Gospels state that our Lord was entombed on the Preparation Day (verses: John 19:31; John 19:42.Matthew 27:62.Mark 15:42.Luke 23:54; Luke 23:54). See App-165.
the sixth hour: i.e. midnight. The hours in all the Gospels are according to Hebrew reckoning: i.e. from sunset to sunset. See App-156. Some have thought that the events from John 13:1 could not be crowded into so brief. space, but the Jews were in deadly earnest to get all finished before the Passover, and in such. case events move quickly.
he saith, &c. In irony here, as in pity (John 19:5). Some have thought that, in John 19:13, "sat" should be "set Him". Justin Martyr says, "They set Him on the judgment-seat and said,. Judge us' " (First Apology, xxxv). But out of forty-eight occurrences of the verb kathiza, only one other (Ephesians 1:20) is, without question, used transitively.