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Luke 15:1 open_in_new
Then drew near. Then were drawing near.
all. Put by Figure of speech Synecdoche (of the Part), App-6, for. large number.
publicans. tax-gatherers.
for to hear. to hear.
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Luke 15:2 open_in_new
Pharisees. See App-120. This settles the scope of all that follows.
murmured. were muttering. The word implies subdued threatening. Occurs only here and Luke 19:7.
sinners. See on Matthew 9:10.
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Luke 15:3 open_in_new
this parable. It had already been uttered in Matthew 18:12-14 with another object (Luke 15:11), and with. different application (Luke 15:14). It is now repeated, later, under different circumstances (Luke 15:1; Luke 15:2), in combination with two other similar parables, with quite another application (verses: 6, 7; 9, 10; 23, 24). Hence the change of certain words.
unto. Greek. pros. App-104.
them. This determines the scope of the three parables.
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Luke 15:4 open_in_new
man. Greek. anthropos. App-123. Here representing Christ.
of. from among. Greek. ek. App-104.
if he lose. having lost.
not. Greek. ou. App-105.
in. Greek. en. App-104.
wilderness. A place of wild fertility. Compare Luke 2:8. after. Greek. epi. App-104.
until he find it? Note the importance of this expression.
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Luke 15:5 open_in_new
when he hath found it. having found it. In Matt., "If so be that he find it. "For the reason, see note on Luke 15:3.
on. Greek. epi. App-104.
his shoulders. his own shoulders; not those of another.
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Luke 15:7 open_in_new
I: i.e.. who know. John 1:51.
you. Murmuring Pharisees. This is the point of the parable.
heaven. Singular. See notes on Matthew 6:9; Matthew 6:10.
over. Greek. epi. App-104.
that repenteth. repenting. App-111.
just persons: i.e. the Pharisees. Compare Luke 15:2; Luke 16:15; Luke 18:9. Greek. ou. App-105.
repentance. App-111. Compare Matthew 3:2.
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Luke 15:8 open_in_new
Either. This parable is recorded only in Luke.
woman. Here representing the Holy Spirit.
ten. See the Structures of Luke 15:2 in the Luke book comments.
pieces of silver. Greek drachmas. Occurs only here, and in Luke 15:9. See App-51.
if she lose. An uncertain contingency. App-118.
not. Greek. ouchi. App-105.
candle. lamp. App-130.
diligently. A medical word. Used only here.
till. Same as "until" in Luke 15:4.
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Luke 15:10 open_in_new
is. becomes, or takes place, or results. Same as "arose" in Luke 15:14.
in the presence of. before. It does not say that the angels rejoice; but it is the divine joy in their presence.
God. App-98.
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Luke 15:12 open_in_new
give me. Contrast "make me" (Luke 15:19).
the portion. According to Jewish law, in the case of two sons the elder took two-thirds, and the younger one-third of movable property, at the father's death.
goods. movable property. Greek. ousia. Only here and Luke 15:13.
falleth to me. This is the technical term in the Papyri, in such cases. See Deissmann's Light, &c., p. 152, and Bib. Stud., p. 230.
them. Including the elder, who did not ask it.
living. Greek. bios, life. App-170. Put by Figure of speech Metonomy (of Effect), App-6, for his means or property which supported his life.
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Luke 15:13 open_in_new
after. Greek meta. App-104. Referring to the rapidity of the fall of Israel.
took his journey. went abroad.
into. Greek. eis. App-104.
far country. Compare Acts 2:39; Ephesians 2:17.
substance. property. Same word as "goods" in Luke 15:12.
with riotous living. living ruinously. Greek. asotos. Occurs only here. The kindred noun (asotia) occurs only in Ephesians 5:18; Titus 1:6; 1 Peter 4:4.
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Luke 15:14 open_in_new
when he had spent. having spent. Greek. dapanao. Elsewhere only Mark 5:26; Acts 21:24; 2 Corinthians 12:15.James 4:3.
in. throughout. Greek. kata. App-104. Not the same word as in verses: Luke 15:4; Luke 15:7; Luke 15:25.
began to be in want. Contrast "began to be merry" (Luke 15:24).
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Luke 15:15 open_in_new
joined himself to. cleaved to (Greek. Pass. of kollao glue together); i.e. he forced himself.
a citizen. one of the citizens. Contrast Philippians 1:3; Philippians 1:20.
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Luke 15:16 open_in_new
would fain have filled. was longing to fill.
with. from. Greek. apo. App-104.
husks. pods of the carob tree. Only here in N.T.
did eat. were eating.
and. Note the emphasis of the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6), here.
no man. Greek. oudeis, compound of ou. App-105.
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Luke 15:17 open_in_new
came to himself. Compare "came to his father" (Luke 15:20).
to. Greek. eis. App-104.
have bread enough and to spare, or abound in food.
I perish. I (emph.) am perishing.
with hunger. from the famine. The texts add hode = here.
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Luke 15:18 open_in_new
to. Greek. pros. App-104.
sinned. App-128.
against. Greek. eis. App-104.
heaven. Singular with Art. See notes on Matthew 6:9; Matthew 6:10. "Heaven" put by Figure of speech Metonymy (of Subject), App-6, for God Himself.
before. Greek. enopion. Same word as in Luke 15:10 "in the presence of".
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Luke 15:19 open_in_new
am no more worthy. I no longer deserve. make me. Contrast "give me " (Luke 15:12).
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Luke 15:20 open_in_new
came to his father. Compare "came to himself" (Luke 15:17).
his. his own.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6).
ran. Compare Isaiah 6:6, "Then flew". See note on Luke 15:21, and compare Isaiah 65:24.
kissed. fervently kissed. Same word as in Matthew 26:49.
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Luke 15:21 open_in_new
I have sinned. I sinned. Confession of sin is the necessary condition for receiving the blessing. Compare 2 Samuel 12:13.Psalms 32:5.Isaiah 6:5; Isaiah 6:6; Isaiah 5:8, &c. And so with Israel (Leviticus 26:40-42.Isaiah 64:6; Isaiah 64:7; Hosea 5:15; Hosea 14:1; Hosea 14:2).
in thy sight. Same Greek words as "before thee" in Luke 15:18.
son. Note the Figure of speech Aposiopesis (App-6), for he did not finish what he meant to have said.
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Luke 15:22 open_in_new
servants. bond-servants.
Bring forth.. [Tr.]. WH. add "quickly".
best. first. Either the first that comes to hand, or the former robe the son used to wear. See on Genesis 27:15.
and. Note the Figure of speech Polysyndeton (App-6), emphasizing each particular.
put it on him. clothe him with it.
ring. a signet-ring. Occurs only here. See James 2:2, and compare Genesis 41:42.
on. for (Greek. eis. App-104.)
shoes. sandals. The ring and the sandals mark. free man. Servants went barefoot.
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Luke 15:23 open_in_new
kill it. sacrifice it. It was. sacrificial feast.
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Luke 15:24 open_in_new
was. Not the past tense of the verb "die", but of the verb "to be". He had been as. dead man (Greek. nekros. App-189) to his father.
is found. was; i.e. "when he came to himself" (Luke 15:17), which shows that that was the result of the father's seeking. began, &c. Contrast "began to be in want" (Luke 15:14).
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Luke 15:25 open_in_new
his elder son. This is the point of the parable (Compare Luke 15:2). It was addressed "unto them" specially (v 3), as the correction of their murmuring.
musick and dancing. Greek. symphonies and chorus, i.e.. "choral dance". Both words Occurs only here.
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Luke 15:26 open_in_new
called. called to him.,
servants. young men. Greek. pais. See App-108. Not the same word as in verses: Luke 15:17; Luke 15:19; Luke 15:22.
asked. began to inquire. Imperf. tense.
meant. might be.
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Luke 15:27 open_in_new
is come... safe and sound. Corresponding with the father's dead and lost... alive and found (Luke 15:24).
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Luke 15:28 open_in_new
he was angry. Referring to the deep-seated feeling of the Pharisees against Messiah and those who followed Him. This increased steadily (and is seen to-day). Compare Acts 11:2; Acts 11:3; Acts 11:17; Acts 11:18; Acts 13:45; Acts 13:50; Acts 14:5; Acts 14:19; Acts 17:5; Acts 17:6; Acts 17:13; Acts 18:12; Acts 18:13; Acts 19:9; Acts 21:27-31; Acts 22:18-22.Galatians 5:11; 1 Thessalonians 2:14-16,
would not go in. was not willing (App-102.) to go in.
intreated. Greek. parakaleo. App-134.
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Luke 15:29 open_in_new
Lo. Greek. idou. App-133. Figure of speech Asterismos. App-6.
neither transgressed I, &c. This was the Pharisees' claim and boast. Compare Luke 18:11; Luke 18:12; Luke 18:18-21.
a kid. In contrast with "the fatted calf" (Luke 15:23). with. Greek. meta. App-104.
friends. Contrast with harlots (Luke 15:30.
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Luke 15:30 open_in_new
thy son. Not "my brother". Contrast with "thy brother" (Luke 15:32).
was come. came as though. stranger. Not "returned".
devoured. eaten up. Contrast with Luke 15:23.
thy. Malignant thought.
harlots. Contrast with "my friends" (Luke 15:29).
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Luke 15:31 open_in_new
Son =. Child. Greek. teknon. Affectionately reminding him of his birth. App-108.
ever. always. App-151.
all that. have. See Romans 9:4; Romans 9:5, and compare Matthew 20:14.
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Luke 15:32 open_in_new
It was meet. Compare Acts 11:18.
thy brother. Contrast with "thy son" (Luke 15:30).