‘Who is on the right hand of God, having gone into heaven, angels and authorities and powers being brought into obedience to him.'
And the final stage in this process was Jesus' enthronement at the right hand of God in Heaven, with all angelic and supernatural powers being brought into obedience to Him. Here Peter does not distinguish good angels from bad. The point is that all heavenly powers are made subject to Him and have to acknowledge His rule (compare 1 Corinthians 15:24-25; Ephesians 1:21-22; Philippians 2:10-11) because He has gone into Heaven to the right hand of God.
So first we had Noah, ‘a preacher of righteousness' (2 Peter 2:5), who was ‘delivered' in the time of the condemnation of the rebellious angels, and who proclaimed righteousness to a disobedient and unrepentant people. He and his seven companions (the elect) were lifted up on the water by the ark while the rebellious angels were being put in prison and the race of men was being destroyed. Now through Jesus Christ the Righteous One and through His resurrection, He and His people will be lifted up to God along with Him in His resurrection (compare Ephesians 1:19 to Ephesians 2:6), because He too has proclaimed righteousness, in His case to the disobedient and unrepentant angels who were imprisoned after the flood, while at the same time the powers in heavenly places have been made to bow the knee to Him, and have as a result been ‘brought into obedience' (compare Philippians 2:10).
Peter got this idea of comparing the flood to the salvation in the end times directly from Jesus. Jesus also saw the Noah and the flood and the ark as illustrations of the end times prior to and leading up to His coming (Matthew 24:38-39). ‘As were the days of Noah, so shall be the coming of the Son of Man' (Matthew 24:37). See also Luke 17:26-27.
The expression ‘brought into obedience' need not necessarily mean that they had previously been in disobedience. It may simply refer to the practise of a newly crowned king receiving the fealty of his subjects, and thereby ‘bringing them into obedience', some to be subsequently rewarded and others to be subsequently sentenced. But the main point is that whatever the previous situation, all in the heavenly sphere are now in obedience to Him because of His all-conquering power. Thus even among the angels God has been working to bring them ‘unto obedience'. And although it does not say so here, for it is Christ's triumph not judgment that is finally in mind, the remainder of the world who were not lifted up in Christ, were left to perish in God's judgment (see 1 Peter 4:7; 1 Peter 4:17-18) as those in Noah's world were, as are also the angels who do not become truly and permanently obedient.
By this the persecuted people of God to whom Peter was writing were brought to see that the invisible powers who were responsible for their persecution (see 1 Peter 5:8; and compare 1 Peter 3:14) were already defeated through His cross and resurrection (compare Colossians 2:15; and see Colossians 1:16-17), while all other invisible powers were in submission to Him, and the consequence was that they had nothing else to fear (1 Peter 3:6; 1 Peter 3:14).