Genesis 32:16-21 - Peter Pett's Commentary on the Bible

Bible Comments

‘And he delivered them into the hands of his servants, every drove by itself, and said to his servants, “Pass over before me and put a space between drove and drove.” And he commanded the foremost, “When Esau my brother meets you and asks you, saying, ‘To whom do you belong? And where are you going? And whose are these animals before you?' Then you will say, ‘They are your servant Jacob's. It is a present to my lord Esau, and behold he also is behind us.' And he commanded also the second and third, and all that followed the droves saying, ‘in this way will you speak to Esau when you find him.' And you will say, ‘Moreover, behold your servant Jacob is behind us.'

Jacob's tactic was simple. A munificent present received in sections so as to build up goodwill and conciliation. First Esau would receive the goats, then the sheep, then the camels which would greatly impress him for they were comparatively rare, then the cattle and then finally the valuable donkeys. And each time when Esau questioned the servants they would inform him that the gifts were for him from Jacob and that Jacob followed after.

“The second and third and all that followed.” The threeness was an indication of the completeness of the gift, the remainder a sign of full measure and running over.

Genesis 32:16-21

16 And he delivered them into the hand of his servants, every drove by themselves; and said unto his servants, Pass over before me, and put a space betwixt drove and drove.

17 And he commanded the foremost, saying, When Esau my brother meeteth thee, and asketh thee, saying, Whose art thou? and whither goest thou? and whose are these before thee?

18 Then thou shalt say, They be thy servant Jacob's; it is a present sent unto my lord Esau: and, behold, also he is behind us.

19 And so commanded he the second, and the third, and all that followed the droves, saying, On this manner shall ye speak unto Esau, when ye find him.

20 And say ye moreover, Behold, thy servant Jacob is behind us. For he said, I will appease him with the present that goeth before me, and afterward I will see his face; peradventure he will accept of me.d

21 So went the present over before him: and himself lodged that night in the company.