Yahweh will replenish the scanty populations of both kingdoms, and will establish them (for the terms, cf. Jeremiah 1:10). In the future, individual responsibility for sin will replace the old doctrine of corporate personality, by which children suffered for the sins of their fathers (e.g. Achan's, Joshua 7:24), and Israel seemed to be suffering for the sins of past generations (Lamentations 5:7; c f. Deuteronomy 24:16, and the notes on Ezekiel 18:2 ff.).
Related Commentaries of Jeremiah 31:27
Jeremiah 31:27-30
27 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast.
28 And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them, to pluck up, and to break down, and to throw down, and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them, to build, and to plant, saith the LORD.
29 In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge.
30 But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge.