The Dues to be Received by the Priests from the People. These embrace all those portions of the things offered unto the Lord which are not required to be burnt; and in detail are (a) the meal offerings, less a handful or other small quantity (Leviticus 2:2 f., Leviticus 2:9 f., Leviticus 6:15 f.); (b) the sin offerings (except those for the high priest and the congregation), less the fat (Leviticus 4:26; Leviticus 4:31; Leviticus 4:35); (c) the guilt offerings, less the fat and certain other parts (Leviticus 7:3 f.); (d) the breast and the thigh of the gift (i.e the peace offerings, Leviticus 7:28 f.); (e) the best of the oil, wine, and corn (the amount not being defined); (f) the first-ripe fruits (of trees); (g) devoted things (i.e. probably things dedicated to Yahweh by individuals, Leviticus 27:28); (h) the flesh, less the fat, of the first-born of clean animals, and the redemption money (five shekels) for the first-born male of man, and the value (whatever it might be, Leviticus 27:12) of the firstlings of unclean animals. This list of prescribed emoluments is not exhaustive, for the priests were also (according to P) to receive a tithe of the tithes of corn, wine, and oil (see Numbers 18:25-32), the skin of the burnt offerings (Leviticus 7:8), the shewbread (Leviticus 24:5-9), portions of the offerings made by Nazirites (Numbers 6:19 f.), and the money payments required in various cases (Numbers 5:8; Leviticus 22:14); and, in addition, they would naturally participate in the 48 cities assigned to the tribe of Levi (Numbers 35:1-8). The share of the sacrifices here assigned by P to the priests brings into relief the incompatible character of many of the statements made in Nu., inasmuch as the only persons who in the time of Moses could profit by the offerings made by the vast numbers of people represented in Numbers 1:46, Were Aaron and his two surviving sons, Eleazar and Ithamar.
Numbers 18:8. the charge of mine heave offerings: better, the reserved parts of the contributions made to me. by reason of the anointing: better (mg.), for a portion.
Numbers 18:10. as the most holy things: better, in a holy place, i.e. in the court of the Tabernacle (Leviticus 6:16-26).
Numbers 18:11. the heave offering: better, the contribution the breast and the thigh, of which the former was specifically the wave offering, Numbers 18:18).
Numbers 18:12. the best: in Heb. (see mg.) the fat, which was the best part of an animal sacrifice (and hence offered to Yahweh): the term was accordingly applied to the choicest of other things also (cf. Deuteronomy 32:14).
Numbers 18:13. the first-ripe fruit: the offering of such was a common practice among primitive peoples, for since the growth of vegetation was ordinarily regarded as due to the power of a local or tribal god, the earliest produce was naturally thought to embody the god's creative force in the most intense degree, and so to be dangerous for any but a sacred person to eat.
Numbers 18:15. redeem: better, cause to be redeemed, and so in Numbers 18:16 f.
Numbers 18:16. and those, etc.: render (after LXX) as in mg. shekel. sanctuary: see on Numbers 3:47.
Numbers 18:17. sprinkle: better, pour; the sprinkling enjoined in Numbers 19:4; Numbers 19:18 was a different process from that prescribed here.
Numbers 18:19. a covenant of salt: i.e. an inviolable covenant (based on the idea that the sharing of the same food, of which salt was an accompaniment, involved a bond of friendship); cf. Leviticus 21:3; 2 Chronicles 13:5. [But this ordinance of salt creates only a temporary bond (RS 2, 270); and Trumbull has shown that salt is often a symbol for life, since it arrests decay. This explains, better than the usual view, how salt came to stand for perpetuity. See Salt in HSDB, and Trumbull's Covenant of Salt. A. S. P.]