Amos 1:13 - Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible

The children of Ammon: this is the fourth kingdom threatened; a people descended from Lot, by his younger daughter, of near kin to Israel, and much-like neighbours as the Edomites, bitter enemies to the Jews: see Ezekiel 25:2. I will not turn away the punishment thereof: see Amos 1:4. Ripped up the women with child; a most inhuman practice, yet usual in those times and places, of which mention is made 2 Kings 8:12, 2 Kings 15:16 Hosea 13:16: which see. When, or in what particular place, this was done, is not reported in the history of the Bible. Probably it was when Hazael harassed Israel, 2 Kings 8:12, with whom the Ammonites perhaps joined; but the thing was done, though we read not in any particular story when and where; all could not be written which was done in those ages. Gilead: see Hosea 6:8 Malachi 10:10: name both of city and country about it, and very rich in excellent spices and balms. Enlarge their border, by destroying all that dwelt in it, and that hereafter might claim or pretend a title to it.