Commit a trespass against the Lord— Known and voluntary sins are considered in this chapter. Every sin which men commit, says Jameson from Calmet, is against God, the supreme Lawgiver and Judge; but especially such sins, as, being committed in secresy, or lying out of the reach of human jurisdiction, cannot be punished by men; or which are not very liable to be detected, unless by the conviction of men's consciences, and an awful regard to the majesty of God, who knows the secret thoughts of the heart. Now the trespasses here mentioned are of this kind; and, therefore, emphatically said to be committed against the Lord; see 1 Samuel 17:25. Or hath deceived his neighbour, at the close of this verse, we should rather read, hath defrauded his neighbour; see Malachi 3:5. Dr. Beaumont renders this verse thus; "A soul, when he shall sin and transgress a transgression against Jehovah, and falsely deny* unto his neighbour a thing delivered† him to keep, or in putting‡ of the hand, or in a thing taken away by violence; or hath deceitfully oppressed his neighbour."
* "Falsely deny:—or lye: but the word meaneth lying by the denial of a thing; see Genesis 18:15."
† "Delivered.—The apostle uses a word exactly to the same import, 2 Timothy 1:12."
‡ "Putting of the hand. This may mean fellowship or partnership, or putting of a thing to one's care and fidelity, to 'employ for him; or it may imply the lending or borrowing of a thing."