Psalms 23:5 - Coke's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Thou preparest a table, &c.— This alludes to the plentiful support which he found in the wilderness, notwithstanding the efforts of his enemies to distress him. Thou anointest my head with oil, means, "thou treatest me like a well-accepted guest at this table which thou hast prepared for me;" alluding to a custom of the eastern nations who anointed the heads of their guests with fragrant oils. See Amos 6:6. Luke 7:46. The next expression, my cup runneth over, alludes in the same manner to the abundance of good things which God had so graciously given him.