And I will execute vengeance in anger, and fury upon the Heathen,.... Or "nations" o; not the Pagan nations only, but the Papal and Mahometan ones, even all that are enemies to Christ, and his church and people:
such as they have not heard; such terrible judgments, and dreadful expressions of divine wrath and fury, by earthquakes, hailstones, c. as were never known or heard of in the world before see Revelation 16:18; or, "which have not heard" p; the people that have not heard and hearkened to the word of God, to the voice of Christ in the Gospel, but have turned a deaf ear to it, and despised it. So the Targum,
"who have not received the doctrine of the law;''
but it is much more agreeable to understand it of the doctrine of the Gospel disobeyed by men, and therefore justly punished; see 2 Thessalonians 1:8.
o את הגוים "gentes", Junius Tremellius. p אשר לא שמעו "quae non audierunt", Pagninus, Montanus "quae non auscultaverint", Junius Tremellius "quae non obediverunt", Burkius.