Let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days:
Therefore - because, ye being complete in Christ, God has dispensed with all subordinate means as essential to acceptance with Him.
Meat, or in drink, х broosei (G1035), posei (G4213)] - 'eating, drinking' (Romans 14:1-17; 1 Timothy 4:3). Pay no regard to any who judge you as to legal observances and foods. The Essenes drank water only.
Holyday, х heortees (G1859)] - the greater feasts, yearly. Compare the three, 1 Chronicles 23:31,
New moon - monthly.
The sabbath. Omit "THE:" not in the Greek (cf. note, Galatians 4:10). 'SABBATHS' (not 'the Sabbaths') of the day of the atonement and feast of tabernacles end with the Jewish services to which they belonged (Leviticus 23:32; Leviticus 23:37-39). The weekly Sabbath is permanent, having been instituted in Paradise long before the Mosaic law, to commemorate the completion of creation in six days. The typical Sabbaths (Hebrews 4:9) must remain until the antitypical sabbatism appears. Leviticus 23:38 expressly distinguishes "the Sabbaths of the Lord" from the other Sabbaths. In Romans 14:5-6 the oldest manuscript omit "He that regardeth not the day, to the Lord he doth not regard it." Some supposed a mystic virtue in the seventh-day Sabbath. Others esteemed it indifferent whether it was kept on the seventh or the first day. As the month of Israel's redemption from Egypt became the beginning of months, so the day of Christ's resurrection, which seals our redemption, is made the first-day Sabbath.
The reputed letter of Barnabas, which certainly existed in the second century; Dionysius of Corinth, writing to Rome 170 AD; Clement of Alexandria, 194 AD, speak of the Lord's day Sabbath. The judgment on the Jews for violating the Sabbath was remarkably retributive (2 Chronicles 36:21). The Babylonians carried them captive, 'to fulfill the word of the Lord by Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her Sabbaths; for as long as she lay desolate, she kept Sabbath to fulfill three score and ten years' (cf. Leviticus 26:34-36). There are exactly 70 years of Sabbaths in the 490 from Saul's ascension, 1095 BC, to 606 BC, when Nebuchadnezzar carried away Jehoiakim. A positive precept is right because it is commanded, and ceases to be obligatory when abrogated; a moral precept is commanded eternally, because it is eternally right. If we could keep a perpetual Sabbath, as we shall hereafter, the positive precept, one in each week, would not be needed (Hebrews 4:9, margin; Isaiah 66:23). But we cannot, since even Adam, in innocence, needed one amidst earthly employments; therefore the Sabbath is still needed, and is linked with the other nine commandments, as obligatory in the Spirit, though the letter has been modified (Romans 13:8-10). The permanent principle is the consecration of one day in seven. The fixing on the first day is due to Christ's appearings on that day, and apostolical usage.