If there arise among you a prophet, or a dreamer of dreams, and giveth thee a sign or a wonder,
If there arise among you a prophet. The special counsels which follow arose out of the general precept contained in the last three verses of the preceding chapter; and the purport of them is, that every attempt to seduce others from the course of duty which the divine standard of faith and worship prescribes must not only be strenuously resisted, but the seducer punished by the law of the land. This is exemplified in three cases of enticement to idolatry. "A prophet" х naabiy' (H5030)] (Genesis 20:7; Exodus 7:1; Exodus 15:20; Num. 40:2-9; Jdg. 4:41; Judges 6:8; 1 Samuel 2:29) - i:e., some notable person laying claim to the character and authority of the prophetic office (Numbers 12:6; 1 Samuel 10:6), performing feats of dexterity or power in support of his pretensions, or even predicting events which occurred as he foretold; as, for instance, an eclipse, which a knowledge of natural science might enable him to anticipate (or, as Caiaphas, John 18:14). It is evident the sign or wonder supposed was not a true and genuine miracle, but some counterfeit appearance of supernatural power, which either human artifice or diabolical agency might suffice to produce. Should the aim of such an one be to seduce the people from the worship of the true God, he is an impostor, and must be put to death. This injunction to Israel was directed against the prophets of the Canaanite nations that might be left among them, or against Israelite prophets who might be desirous of seducing their countrymen to the service of strange gods in Syria, (see the note at Deuteronomy 18:13, etc.) And the course which the injunction prescribed was a very plain one-to judge of them by their fruits. The most demonstrative evidence that any prophet or dreamer of dreams should appear to produce was worthless, if the object for which it was exhibited was to entice the people into idolatry, and to turn them from the God who brought them out of Egypt.
The conduct pursued was an unmistakeable proof that the sign or wonder was not from God. No prodigy, however wonderful, no human authority, however great, should be allowed to shake their belief in the divine character, or in the truth of a religion so solemnly taught and so awfully attested (cf. Galatians 1:8). The modern Jews appeal to this passage as justifying their rejection of Jesus Christ. But He possessed all the characteristics of a true prophet, and He was so far from alienating the people from God and His worship, that the grand object of His ministry was to lead to purer, more spiritual and perfect, observance of the law.