For he is our peace, who hath made both one, and hath broken down the middle wall of partition between us; He - Greek, 'Himself,' and none else.
Our peace - not merely 'peacemaker,' but the sole source of our (Jews' and Gentiles' alike) peace with God, so the bond of union between "both" in God. He took both into Himself, and reconciled us to God, by assuming our nature and our penal and legal liabilities (Isaiah 9:5-6; Isaiah 53:5; Micah 5:5; Micah 5:15; Colossians 1:20). His title, "Shiloh," means the same (Genesis 49:10).
The middle wall of partition, х mesotoichon (G3320) tou (G3588) fragmou (G5418)] - 'of the partition' or 'fence:' the middle wall which parted Jew and Gentile. There was a balustrade of stone which separated the court of the Gentiles from the holy place, which it was death for a Gentile to pass. This, though alluded to, was but a symbol of the partition itself-namely, "the enmity" between "both" and God (Ephesians 2:15), the real cause of separation from God, and so the mediate cause of their separation from one another. Hence, there was a twofold wall: one, the inner, severing even the Jewish people from the holy part of the temple where the priests officiated; the other, the outer, separating the Gentile proselytes from the court of the Jews (cf. Ezekiel 44:7; Acts 21:20). This twofold wall represented the Sinaitic law, which both severed all men, even the Jews, from access to God (through sin, which is the violation of the law), and also separated the Gentiles from the Jews. As "wall" implies the strength of the partition, so 'fence' implies that it was easily removed by God when the due time came. Compare the rending of the veil at Jesus' death, Hebrews 10:20, with Matthew 27:51. 'The temple was a material embodiment of the law; its outward structure a symbol of spiritual distinctions' (Ellicott).