And all the brethren which are with me, unto the churches of Galatia:
All the brethren. I am not alone in my doctrine. All my colleagues in the Gospel work, traveling with me (Acts 19:29, Gaius and Aristarchus, if the letter was written at Ephesus; if at Corinth, Acts 20:4, Sopater, Secundus, Timotheus, Tychicus, Trophimus; some, or all), join with me. Not that these were joint authors with Paul of the letter, but joined in the salutations and the anti-Judaistic sentiment. "All the brethren" accords with a date when he had many traveling companions, he and they having to bear jointly the collection to Jerusalem (Conybeare).
The churches. The letter, therefore, is encyclical. Pessinus and Ancyra were the principal cities. Doubtless there were many other churches in Galatia (Acts 18:23; 1 Corinthians 16:1). He does not attach any honourable title to the churches here, as elsewhere, being displeased at their Judaizing, (see 1 Cor., 1 Thess., etc.) The first letter of Peter is addressed to Jewish Christians sojourning in Galatia (1 Peter 1:1), among other place. The apostle of the circumcision, and the apostle of the uncircumcision, once at issue (Galatians 2:7-15), cooperated to build up the same churches.