Of the increase of his government and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.
Of the increase of (his) government and peace (there shall be) no end - His princely rule shall perpetually increase and be unlimited (Daniel 2:44). The "peace" of the type Solomon soon came to an end, and was only partial in extent while it lasted; but the peace which Messiah brings in His kingdom is universal and forever.
Upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it. This can only be at Christ's second coming: for the sceptre passed from Judah at His first coming: and His spiritual throne now in the heavens is not the throne of David, but is Messiah's throne as being the Son of God. His reign unseen in the Church (mainly Gentile) cannot either be the promised "reign over the house of Jacob forever" (Luke 1:32-33). It can only be at His coming to reign over restored Israel (1 Kings 8:25; Psalms 2:6; Psalms 132:11; Jeremiah 3:17-18; Ezekiel 34:23-26; Ezekiel 37:16; Ezekiel 37:22; Acts 2:30).
With judgment and with justice from henceforth even forever. It is not a kingdom of mere might, and triumph of force over enemies, but of righteousness (Isaiah 42:21; Psalms 45:6-7), attainable only in and by Messiah.
The zeal of the Lord of hosts will perform this - zeal for the vindication of His truth, His promise, and His oppressed people-including not only Christ's hidden spiritual victory over Satan at the first coming, but the open one accompanied with "judgments" on Antichrist and every enemy at the second coming (Isaiah 59:17-21, "He ... was clad with zeal as a cloak ... the Redeemer shall come to Zion ... this is my covenant with them ... My Spirit ... shall not depart ... henceforth and forever" (Psalms 9:6-8).
Delivered a little later than the previous one. The chapters 9:and 10: ought to have been so divided. The present division into chapters was made by Cardinal Hugo, in A.D. 1250 AD; and into verses, by Robert Stephens, the famous printer of Paris, in 1551. After the Assyrian invasion of Syria, that of Ephraim shall follow (2 Kings 16:9). Isaiah 9:8-11; Isaiah 9:17-20 foretell the intestine discords in Israel after Hoshea had killed Pekah (739 AD), i:e., just after the Assyrian invasions by Tiglath-pileser (and Pul previously), when for seven years it was stripped of magistrates and torn into factions. There are four strophes, each setting forth Ephraim's crime and consequent punishment, and ending with the formula, "For all this His anger is not turned away," etc. (Isaiah 9:12; Isaiah 9:17; Isaiah 9:21, and Isaiah 10:4).