For where envying and strife is, there is confusion and every evil work.
Envying - Greek, 'zeal,' 'emulation' (note, James 3:14; Romans 13:13). 'The envious man stands in his own light. He thinks his candle cannot shine in presence of another's sun. He aims directly at men, obliquely at God, who makes men to differ.'
Confusion, х akatastasia (G181)] (note, James 3:8) - tumultuous anarchy; both in society ("commotions," Luke 21:9; "tumults," 2 Corinthians 6:5) and in the individual; in contrast to the "peaceable" composure of true "wisdom" (James 3:17). James does not honour such effects of earthly wisdom with the name "fruit," as in the ease of the wisdom from above. James 3:18: cf. Galatians 5:19-22, "works of the flesh ... fruit of the Spirit."