How thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; how thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.
(How) thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand -- literally, 'Thou ... (that is, to say) thy hand,' in contrast to "their own sword" and "their own arm" (Psalms 44:3).
And plantedst them - the elect people. Compare the same image, Exodus 15:17; Psalms 80:8.
How thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out - rather, 'and spread them (the Israelites) abroad.' The Hebrew х shaalach (H7971)] is generally used of branches shooting forth and spreading out (Jeremiah 17:8; Psalms 80:11; Ezekiel 17:6-7). Thus, in the four clauses, the first and the third correspond in parallelism, and refer to the pagan; the second and the fourth correspond, and refer to the elect people.