Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the LORD, and he answered them.
-Admonition to Israel, literal and spiritual, to be instructed by past history, that if she would be ready for Yahweh's coming kingdom and for enjoying the near communion with God which Moses, Aaron, and Samuel enjoyed, she must, like them, keep God's testimonies, and avoid the sins and consequent punishment of those for whom Moses, Aaron, and Samuel interceded.
Verse 6. Moses and Aaron among his priests, and Samuel among them that call upon his name; they called upon the Lord, and he answered them. The necessary condition of sharing in the coming kingdom of the Lord is now calling upon the Lord in faith; for, as in Moses', Aaron's, and Samuel's case, so always calling the way to obtain a hearing. Aaron alone was a priest in the Levitical sense; but the Hebrew, coheen, is sometimes used in a wider sense for chief rulers (2 Samuel 8:18, Hebrew). All three performed priestly duties (Moses and Samuel by special divine call), and all had the spiritual essence of the priestly office (the king-priesthood), inner communion with God, as manifested by their free access to the throne of grace, and