By these three was the third part of men killed, by the fire, and by the smoke, and by the brimstone, which issued out of their mouths.
By these three. A B C 'Aleph (') read х apo (G575) for hupo (G5259)], 'From:' the direction whence the slaughter came; not direct instrumentality, as "by" implies. A B C 'Aleph (') add 'plagues' after "three."
By the fire, х ek (G1537)] - 'owing to the fire.'