The Requirement For Full Honesty Towards One's Neighbour (Leviticus 19:11-13).
“You (p) shall not steal; neither shall you deal falsely, nor lie one to another.”
As well as generosity, honesty is required. Three aspects of honesty are in mind here, avoiding stealing, avoiding cheating and avoiding deceit. There are not many societies where people can be trusted but Israel's was to be one of them. Avoiding stealing, and avoiding dealing falsely, reflected the eighth commandment (Exodus 20:15). They were not to take other people's property, nor to cheat them in their dealings. Not to lie to one another meant that all should be able to believe what they said (compare Psalms 15:4). It was to be an open and honest society.
“And you (p) shall not swear by my name falsely, nor shall you (s) profane the name of your God. I am Yahweh.”
When called to testify on oath they were to speak truly as required by the ninth commandment (Exodus 20:16), and not to bear false testimony against a neighbour, for this would profane the name of God, and He is Yahweh, the God of truth and justice. They could also profane His name by neglecting to take note of when they were ‘unclean', by misusing the Sanctuary (21:12; Ezekiel 22:8), by sexual misbehaviour (Leviticus 21:9) and by idolatry (Leviticus 18:21; Leviticus 21:5). These represent the third and ninth commandments.
“You (s) shall not oppress your neighbour, nor rob him. The wages of a hired servant shall not abide with you (s) all night until the morning.”
They were not to use their superior position or strength in order to oppress a neighbour in order to get their own way, or in order to get from him dishonestly what they wanted. And if they hired workers they were to pay them the same day. For the poor would need what they had earned immediately, and they must not take advantage of them. Thus in all their dealings they were to be fair and honest.