CXXVII. A. This Ps. is, as is now generally admitted, composed of two independent Pss. In Psalms 127 A, i.e. in Psalms 127:1 f. the Psalmist's theme is the vanity of toil without Yahweh's blessing. The house was taken to mean the Temple: hence in the received text, but not in the LXX, the Ps. is ascribed to Solomon. At the end of Psalms 127:2 render, So, i.e. as fully as others get by their toilhe giveth to his beloved in sleep. But the text is almost certainly corrupt.
B. Psalms 127:3-5. Sons a Gift Bestowed by Yahweh.
Psalms 127:4. children of youth, i.e. begotten in the vigorous youth of the fathers, are a stalwart bodyguard round their parent. They are compared to arrows in a warrior's hand and quiver. But the Ps. points to a time of peace rather than of war. It is not in the battlefield but in the gate, where legal cases are decided, that a man with many sons finds redress, corrupt as Oriental courts have usually been. His numerous progeny prevent his being put to shame, i.e. disappointed (Job 5:4 *).