A grievous vision; a vision or prophecy, containing dreadful calamities which were to fall upon Babylon. The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth: this is spoken either,
1. Of the Chaldeans, as their sin, for which God sends the following judgment. So the sense is, The Chaldeans still persist in the practice of treachery and rapine, to which they have been so long accustomed. Or,
2. Of the Medes and Persians, who are here noted to pay the Babylonians in their own coin, and to use the same treachery and violence towards them which they had done to others. To which purpose the words are and may well be rendered otherwise; either thus, the treacherous dealer hath found a treacherous dealer, and the spoiler hath found a spoiler; or thus, O thou that dealest treacherously with the treacherous dealer, and that spoilest the spoiler, go up, O Elam, &c., as it followeth. These words will be much illustrated by compared them with Isaiah 33:1. There is no doubt to be made but the Medes and Persians used treachery as well as force against Babylon. And besides brias, and following their counsel and conduct in taking the city, which made them partakers of their treason. Go up, to fight against her. These are God's words, either giving them command and commission to do so, or rather foretelling what they would do; which is oft done in this form of speech. Elam; Persia, called Elam synecdochically, because Elam was an eminent province of Persia, bordering upon the Medes. Besiege, to wit, Babylon, Isaiah 21:9. All the sighing thereof; either,
1. Babylon's sighing, which shall cease, because they shall have no time to sigh, or lament their miseries, being suddenly surprised, and cut off in a moment, as they were. As God is said to seek out the wickedness of wicked men till he find none, Psalms 10:15, when he utterly destroyeth them in or with their sins. Or,
2. The sighing and groanings of God's people and other nations under the heavy oppressions of that potent and cruel empire; the pronoun her, or thereof, being taken here not passively, as commonly it is; but actively, or efficiently, as sometimes it is, as Deuteronomy 11:25, your fear, i.e. the fear of you; and Job 33:7, my terror, i.e. the terror or dread of me upon thee.