Out of him— Out of it: that is, out of the house of Judah.
The corner— Or, chief. A community is often represented as an edifice or building; and the corresponding parts expressed by the same name. Hence as the largest stones or timbers are used in the angles to bind together and strengthen the sides of the building, which meet therein as in a common centre; so the angle or corner metaphorically denotes the chief personage in a community, on whom its strength and security principally depends.
The nail— יתד iethed, is properly a nail or pin used to fasten the timbers or parts of a building together; and may therefore serve to denote the officers next in command under the chief, by whose means the common soldiers are united, kept steady, and in regular order. Bishop Lowth has two excellent notes on Isaiah 22:23-24 in which are stated the use and importance of nails, spikes, or wooden pins, and their application to denote persons eminent in station and power. Such a nail or pin was Eliakim to be, the support of his family and friends; and such had Shebna been; but he, it is said, Isaiah 22:25 was to be removed, cut down, and to fall, so as to involve in his ruin all that depended on him. In one of these notes the Bishop cites Ezra 9:8. "Grace hath been shewed from the Lord our God, to leave us a remnant to escape, and to give us a nail in his holy place." That is, says the Bishop, as the margin of our English Bible explains it, "a constant and sure abode." But might it not rather mean, "a person of wisdom and authority to conduct and steady them, and on whom they might lean for support, after that God had brought them once more to his holy place?"
The battle-bow— This, I think, can only mean the archers in an army.
Every oppressor together— This should be rendered all that draw near together. In the house or building, these words would denote the stones of common use placed contiguous or in close order one by another. Correspondently in the army must be meant the close embodied phalanx, or main body of men of war advancing on together in regular order to meet the enemy.