Which maketh Arcturus, Orion, and Pleiades, and the chambers of the south.
Maketh. Umbreit translates, from the Arabic, covereth up. This accords with the context, which describes His boundless power as controller, rather than as creator. But as "the stars" (Job 9:7) are represented as already sealed up and covered, God would not be said here again to be covered.
Arcturus, х `Aash (H5906)] - the great bear, which always revolves about the pole, and never sets. The Chaldeans and Arabs early named and grouped in constellations the stars; often traveling, and tending flocks by night, they would naturally do so, especially as the rise and setting of some stars mark the distinction of seasons. Brinkley, presuming the stars here mentioned to be those of Taurus and Scorpio, and that these were the cardinal constellations of spring and autumn in Job's time, calculates, by the precession of equinoxes, the time of Job to be 818 years after the deluge, and 184 before Abraham. So Hales and Ducontant, with a slight variation (Barnes, Introduction-1. Astronomy, Job).
Orion - Hebrew, the fool; in Job 38:31 he appears fettered with "bands." The old legend represented this star as a hero, who presumptuously rebelled against God, and was therefore a fool х kªciyl (H3685)], and was chimed in the sky as a punishment: for its rising is at the stormy period of the year. He is Nimrod (the exceedingly impious rebel) among the Assyrians; Orion among the Greeks. Sabaism (worship of the heavenly hosts) and hero-worship were blended in his person. He first subverted the patriarchal order of society by substituting a chieftainship based, on conquest (Genesis 10:9-10).
Pleiades, х Kiymaah (H3598)] - literally, 'the heap of stars:' Arabic, 'knot of stars.' The various names of this Pleiades, х Kiymaah (H3598)] - literally, 'the heap of stars:' Arabic, 'knot of stars.' The various names of this constellation in the East express the close union of the stars in it - "the seven stars" (Amos 5:8).
Chambers of the south - the unseen regions of the southern hemisphere, with its own set of stars, as distinguished from those just mentioned of the northern. The stars of the southern hemisphere never emerge into our view, but remain hidden as if in secret "chambers." The true structure of the earth is here implied.