Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness: for they shall be filled.
Blessed are they which do hunger and thirst after righteousness, [ teen (G3588 ) dikaiosuneen (G1343 ) = tsªdaaqaah (H6666 )]: for they shall be filled, х chortastheesontai (G5526)] - 'shall be saturated.' 'From this verse,' says Tholuck, 'the reference to the Old Testament background ceases.' Surprising! On the contrary, none of the beatitudes is more manifestly dug out of the rich mine of the Old Testament. Indeed, how could anyone who found in the Old Testament "the poor in spirit," and "the mourners in Zion," doubt that he would also find those same character also craving that righteousness which they feel and mourn their want of? But what is the precise meaning of "righteousness" here? Lutheran expositors, and some of our own, seem to have a hankering after that more restricted sense of the term in which it is used with reference to the sinner's justification before God. (See Jeremiah 23:6; Isaiah 45:24; Romans 4:6; 2 Corinthians 5:21.) But, in so comprehensive a saying as this, it is clearly to be taken-as in Matthew 5:10 also-in a much sense, as denoting that spiritual and entire conformity to the law of God, under the want of which the saints groan, and the possession of which constitutes the only true saintship.
The Old Testament dwells much on this righteousness, as that which alone God regards with approbation (Psalms 11:7; Psalms 23:3; Psalms 106:3; Proverbs 12:28; Proverbs 16:31; Isaiah 64:5, etc.) Since hunger and thirst are the keenest of our appetites, our Lord, by employing this figure here, plainly means 'those whose deepest cravings are after spiritual blessings.' And in the Old Testament we find this craving variously expressed: "Hearken unto me, ye that follow after righteousness, ye that seek the Lord" (Isaiah 2:1); "I have waited for thy salvation, O Lord," exclaimed dying Jacob (Genesis 49:18); "My soul," says the sweet Psalmist, "breaketh for the longing, that it hath unto thy judgments at all times" (Psalms 119:20); and in similar breathings does he give vent to his deepest longings in that and other Psalms. Well, our Lord just takes up here this blessed frame of mind, representing it as the surest pledge of the coveted supplies, as it is the best preparative, and indeed itself the beginning of them. "They shall be saturated," He says; they shall not only have what they so highly value and long to possess, but they shall have their fill of it. Not here, however. Even in the Old Testament this was well understood. "Deliver me," says the Psalmist, in language which, beyond all doubt, stretches beyond the present scene, "from men of the world, which have their portion in this life: As for me, I shall behold thy face in righteousness: I shall be satisfied, when I awake, with thy likeness" (Psalms 17:13-15).
The foregoing beatitudes-the first four-represent the saints rather as conscious of their need of salvation, and acting suitably to that character, than as possessed of it. The next three are of a different kind-representing the saints as having now found salvation, and conducting themselves accordingly.